Bandura Theory of Social Learning

Learning is a affable process and we define through inter personationion with other(a)s in our day to day life. Prior to 1960, theories of figureing were heavily influenced by behaviouristic and cognitivist theories. But Albert Banduras kind Learning Theory posits that people learn from one other via reflectivity, imitation, and modeling. The affectionate learn theory has often been called a bridge between conductist and cognitive learning theories because it includes attention, memory, and motivation.As a result it is sometimes called social cognitive learning. While rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning. His theory added a social element, argumentation that people sess learn new information and ports by watching other people cognise as observational learning (or modeling). The social learning theory emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the miens, attitudes and aroused reactions of others. Thus it focuses on learning by observation and modeling. Social learning theory talks near how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and doings. It focuses on the learning that occurs at bottom a social context. It considers that people learn from one another.In Social Context Behavioral factors + Cognitive factors - Social LearningMeaning According to Albert Bandura (1977), In social learning theory, behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning. Social learning is the process in which individuals observe the behavior of others and its consequences, and modify their own behavior accordingly.Banduras theory of social learning Basic Social Learning Concepts There are three affectionateness concepts at the heart of social learning theory. 1) Learning through observation 2) Intrinsic financial backing 3) motley in behavior is not necessary fo r learning 1) Learning through Observation (Observational Learning) In 1961, Bandura demonstrate the now-famous Bobo doll experiments. The Bobo doll is a child-sized inflatable doll with a weighted bottom that causes it to pop anchor up after macrocosm knocked down. In the first stage of these studies, preschool-aged children were divided into three separates one group that observed an big(a) (model) behaving aggressively towards the Bobo doll (punching, kicking, striking with a mallet, yelling), another group that observed the adult chanceing peacefully, and a control group. Each participant viewed their assigned scenario individually.Later, the child was allowed to play independently in the play room which contained a variety of aggressive and non-aggressive toys, including the Bobo doll. Participants acts of verbal and physical aggression toward the Bobo doll were then(prenominal) recorded. Results revealed significant group differences, such that children exposed to the a ggressive model were more likely to imitate what they had seen and post aggressively toward the doll. Bandura argued that the results supported that children could rapidly acquire novel behaviors through the process of observation and imitation, and this occurred even in the absence of any kind of reinforcement.In a 1963, Bandura demonstrated that children imitated aggressive behavior witnessed on video, in sum total to live observation, and children as well imitated aggressive behaviors enacted by a cartoon character. (In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura demonstrated that children learn and imitate behaviors they have observed in other people.The children in Banduras studies observed an adult performing violently toward a Bobo doll. When the children were later allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to imitate the aggressive actions they had antecedently observed.)Social learning theory draws heavily on the concept of modeling, Bandura identified three types of models1) Live model An veritable person is demonstrating the desired behavior.2) Verbal instructional Model An individual explains and describes the desired behavior in details.3) symbolical Model pattern occurs by means of the media including movies, television, Internet, literature and radio.Stimuli can be either real or fictional characters. Mental States are important to learning (IntrinsicReinforcement) An additional study, published in 1965, showed that witnessing the model being punished for the aggressive behavior decreased the likelihood that children would imitate the behavior, a process he referred to as vicarious reinforcement. At the same time, Bandura noted that internal rewards such as pride, satisfaction, sense of accomplishment also influence the learning which he described as intrinsic reinforcement.Learning does not necessarily lead to a interpolate in behaviour While behaviorist believed that learning led to a permanent change in behaviour, social learning demonstrates that people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviours.Key Principles of social learning theory 1) Learning is not purely behavioral rather, it is a cognitive process that takes step to the fore in a social context.2) Learning can occur by observing a behavior and by observing the consequences of the behavior (vicarious reinforcement).3) Learning involves observation, extraction of information from those observations, and making decisions about the performance of the behavior (observational learning or modeling). Thus, learning can occur without an observable change in behavior.4) Reinforcement plays a role in learning but is not entirely responsible for learning.5) The learner is not a passive recipient of information. Cognition, environment, and behavior all mutually influence each other (reciprocal determinism).The Modeling run Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors involving both the model and the learner can pl ay a role in whether social learning is successful. Certain requirements and steps must also be followed. The follo bring forwardg steps are involved in the observational learning and modeling process 1) help I Never seen or thought this BeforeIn order to learn, you need to be gainful attention. Anything that detracts your attention is going to have a negative effect on observational learning. If the model elicit or there is a novel aspect to the situation, you are far more likely to give your full attention to learning. 2) Retention I Figured Out What I have to doThe index to store information is also an important part of the learning process. Retention can be moved(p) by a number of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning. 3) Reproduction Why Not Do It? It Worked Out Fine for others once you have paid attention to the model and retained the information, it is time to actually perform the behavior you observed. make headway practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement and skill advancement. 4) Motivation This action is giving me satisfactionFinally, in order for observational learning to be successful, you have to be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled. Reinforcement and punishment play an important role in motivation. While experiencing these motivators can be highly effective, so can observing other experience some type of reinforcement or punishment. For subject, if you see another student rewarded with extra credit for being to class on time, you might start to show up a few minutes early each day. Vicarious reinforcement behavior is acceptableVicarious punishment behavior is unacceptable Implications Learning by observation (models) students learn simply by observing other people. Modeling cans an alternative to shaping for teaching new behaviors. Instead of using shaping, which is operant conditioning, modeling can reserve a faster, more efficient me ans for teaching new behavior. To promote effective modeling a instructor must make sure that the four essential conditions exist attention, retention, ram reproduction, and motivation. Cognition plays a role in learningLearning can occur without change in behavior Teachers and parents must model allow behaviors and take care that they dont model inappropriate ones. Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models. Students must believe that they are capable of accomplishing school tasks. Teachers should help students set realistic expectations for their academic accomplishments. Self-regulation techniques provide effective methods for improving behavior. Describing the consequences of behavior increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate ones. ExamplesAdvertisements/TV commercials are the most earthy examples of Social Learning Theory. We observe (watch) them, and then copy them. Commercials suggest that drinking a certain beverage or using a particul ar shampoo will make us popular and win the admiration of attractive people. Depending upon the component processes involved (such as attention or motivation), we may model the behavior shown in the commercial and buy the product being advertised. Language learning is another common example of Social Learning Theory. A student tries to imitate or mimic his/her teacher while the teacher demonstrates.Conclusion In addition to influencing other psychologists, Banduras social learning theory has had important implication in the surface area of education. The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1925) has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development. Today, both teachers and parents recognize the importance of modeling appropriate behaviors. Other classroom strategies such as load-bearing(a) children and building self-efficacy are also rooted in social learning theory.Social learning theory posits that noesis acquisition is a cognitive process t hat takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behavior, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.