Illegal Immigrants Threaten the American Economy Essay -- Illegal Immi

The subject of illegal migration into the coupled States is a very controversial and challenging issue but overall Americas dictatorial approach for regulating illegal immigrants entering our verdant has failed. It pertains to millions of individuals and families journeying to the bulls-eye country of America without proper documentation but it also consists of people entering the country legally, but they violate the terms of their approved visas and passports by permanently residing here, rather than the allotted time frame theyre given. Amazing enough, The Federation For American in-migration Reform or better known as FAIR, estimated that in 2007, the illegal immigrant population seated well above 13 million people. Also considering this abundant number grows roughly by as many as 500,000 people every year, across the United States therefore a more efficient counselling of controlling our population needs to be effectively put into action. But why would these aliens risk so m uch to inhabit and live in the United States? It doesnt involve too much cognitive ability to understand that under the unsatisfactory circumstances of poverty, economic deficiencies, and high unemployment rates, many will do whatever it takes to pursue the American Dream. Despite the dangers and risks that could potentially arise from crossing the border, to these illegals, the benefits of successfully migrating outweigh the costs. (www.fairus.org/site/news2) An interesting law has passed merely a a few(prenominal) weeks ago within the state of Arizona. With our government cracking down on the illegal flow by increasing more stadium lights, fences, and man reason throughout Southern California, and Texas, it has forced a shift in the flow of illegal immigrants that ... ...ection rates than that of the United States. To make matters worse, an emergence of a Multi-Drug-Resistant strain of atomic number 65 formed three years ago (MDR-TB) and can leave a patient with over a million dollars in medical fees, piece only a fity percent of patients going under specified treatment survive. Its rather unfortunate, but America cannot withstand the burden of financial bills for treating the mans diseased, ill, sick, and sullyed population. The government should make protecting its citizens from the catastrophic diseases brought in from illegal immigrants around the globe. How many more school children will have to be infected from catching TB before something is done? Whats the purpose of screening legal aliens for diseases that are contagious if the illegals can roam our country and infect our fellow citizens?www.fairus.org/site/news2

Anabolic Steroids Essay -- Drugs Veterinarian Biochemistry Essays

Anabolic Steroids Of the diagnostic methods available to veterinarians, the clinical chemistry test has developed into a valuable promote for localizing pathologic conditions. This test is actually a collection of specially selected individual tests. With just a small amount of whole blood or serum, many an(prenominal) body systems can be analyzed. Some of the more common screenings give information about the function of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas and about muscle and bone disease. There be many blood chemistry tests available to doctors. This paper covers the some of the more common tests. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an end-product of protein metabolism. Like most of the other molecules in the body, amino acids are constantly renewed. In the course of this turnover, they may undergo deamination, the removal of the amino group. Deamination, which takes place principally in the liver, results in the formation of ammonia. In the liver, the ammonia is quickly converted to urea , which is relatively nontoxic, and is then released into the bloodstream. In the blood, it is readily removed through the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Any disease or condition that reduces glomerular filtration or increases protein catabolism results in elevated BUN levels. Creatinine is another indicator of kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product derived from creatine. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and blood levels are reclaimable for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Muscle tissue contains phosphocreatinine which is converted to creatinine by a nonenzymatic process. This spontaneous degradation occurs at a rather consistent rate (Merck, 1991). Causes of increases of twain BUN and creatinine can be divided into three major categoriesprerenal, renal, and postrenal. Prerenal causes include heart disease, hypoadrenocorticism and shock. Postrenal causes include urethral obstruction or lacerations of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. straightforward renal disease from glomerular, tubular, or interstitial dysfunction raises BUN and creatinine levels when over 70% of the nephrons become nonfunctional (Sodikoff, 1995). Glucose is a primary energy source for live organisms. The glucose level in blood is normally controlled to within narrow limits. Inadequate or excessive amounts of glucose or the inability to metabolize glucose can affect nearly every system in the body. Low blood gl... ...ecomes less invasive to the patient. The more information that is made available to the doctor allows a faster diagnosis and recovery for the patient. Bibliography Barrie, Joan and Timothy D. G. Watson. Hyperlipidemia. Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. Bistner, Stephen l. Kirk and Bistners Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. de Morais, HSA and William W. Muir. Strong Ions and Acid-Base Disorders. Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonag ura. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. Fraser, Clarence M., ed. The Merck Veterinary Manual, one-seventh Edition. Rahway, N. J.Merck & Co., 1991. Garrett, Reginald H. and Charles Grisham. Biochemistry. Fort WorthSaunders College Publishing, 1995. Lehninger, Albert, David Nelson and Michael Cox. Principles of Biochemistry. New YorkWorth Publishers, 1993. Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut. Animal PhysiologyAdaptation and environment. New YorkCambridge University Press, 1995. Sodikoff, Charles. Labratory Profiles of Small Animal Diseases. Santa BarbaraAmerican Veterinary Publications, 1995.

John Jays Hammond JR. :: essays research papers fc

caper Hays Hammond, JR. John Hammond was one of the greatest electrical and mechanical inventors of his time. The things he invented during his demeanorspan impacted history a great deal. According to John Pettibone, John Hays Hammond, Jr. was born in 1888 in San Francisco, California (Pettibone 1). Most of his life Hammond was known as Jack. He was the second son and namesake of a world-famous mining engineer, who was the friend, confidant, and almost running mate of William Howard Taft. Jacks father grossed a suppositional one million dollars a year as well as bonuses at the South African gold and diamond fields where his father resettled his family in 1893. While in South Africa, Jacks father got imprisoned by accident and in prison got really sick. Mark span was on tour of Africa and visited the prison and soon after(prenominal)wards the Hammond family moved to recuperate in England (Dandola1-2). Young Hammond became devoted to studying life in the past and castles after h is family relocated to England in 1898. At the beginning of the century his family moved back to the United States. Years later, as a marriage gift for his wife Irene, Hammond started expression a medieval castle home in Gloucester, MA. In 1929 the couple took up residence in the castle and in 1930 revealed it as a museum (Pettibone 1). To invent, John Hays Hammond would at no time have to look far for ideas. He was born into an educated family in 1888 and some of the familys associates included Nikola Tesla, the Wright brothers, and doubting Thomas Edison. Hammond was both a realistic and fanciful inventor his attractions varied from culinary and music to torpedoes and electronics (John 1). In New Jersey where John Hammond enlisted at the Lawrenceville School in 1903, his first invention came along. To elude the schools 800 PM rule for lights out, Hammond was delighted to install into a lot of his friends dorms a sensor and an over current protection device that automatically turn ed off the rooms lighting as the door was opened. Hammond was disappointed years afterwards, that he had not listened to Edisons advice, when a device similar to his became commonplace in vehicles and refrigerators. Edison had told him Patent all your ideas, and get yourself a good lawyer (John 1). Jack never lost interest in medieval history, which became one of his passions after he was exposed to castles while enrolled in an English prep school.

Nike strategy :: essays research papers

After Nikes success in the US is inarguable, its intent to focus on the global markets. The company wants to generate more than half of its revenue from overseas. In my opinion, Nikes strategies and tactics are to seek on the opportunity to do the marketing on its radical, rebellious and anti-establishment images to the international markets and to benefit from its use of overseas factories to outsource manufacturing processes. For example,A Nike ad in Soccer America magazine that delivered the massage to Europe, Asia and Latin America. start of its message mentioned to their local investors to better invest in some deodorant.A TV commercial featured a Manchester United player explaining how spitting at a sports fan and insulting a coach won him a Nike contract.A Nike advertising campaign at the Atlanta Olympic Games with the slogan You tire outt win silver, you lose gold.A Nikes factories in Vietnam, China and Indonesian.For those marketing efforts, Nike does successful to promo te itself with its not-quite-nice images and also generate some criticism that I think they are irresponsible as we can see from their ad that they does not create any positive effects to the society. For its use of overseas factories, it is great(p) opportunity to expand the production base to the lower cost of labor, but it is totally irresponsible and unethical when labor practice does not meet the standard.In my point of view, the most unethical Nikes decision is not to take the responsibility to ensure at to the lowest degree minimum and humane standards that it should offer to its cogitation force. For example, in Vietnam, Nike paid its workers less than the cost of three meals of rice and vegetables and tofu. It treated workers no better than in sweatshops with only two drinks of water and one basin break in an eight hour shift. Also Nike let its contractors in developing countries to use child labor under sub-standard conditions. On the other hand, the least unethical Ni kes decision is to have a TV commercial featured a Manchester United player explaining how spitting at a fan and insulting a coach won him a Nike contract. The reason that I reach these judgments, for the most unethical decision, Nike lacks of social responsibilities in term of both profound and ethical responsibilities. Although, there were some people agree with sweatshops because it was better than the firm leaves the workers, it was the best of the workers only bad options or it was a path from poverty to great wealth, but if at least Nike improved their workers working standards, it would help to better increase their quality of lives.

Secondhand Smoke :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

How Secondhand Smoking Affects UsAs most of you know, take in is bad for your health, but what some of you might non know is that you dont actually have to smoke to be harmed by smoking. Lung cancer, which is the heading cause of cancer deaths in men and women, is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking causes approximately 2 percent of lung cancer deaths each year. It causes respiratory disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), middle ear disease, and asthma attacks in children. Imagine a room full of young, healthy second-graders with a Joe Camel cigarette in their hand, smoking that is basically what secondhand smoking is like. It has toxic and carcinogenic effects that are a lot the same as smoking a cigarette. Children from birth to 2 years of age are especially vulnerable to secondhand smoke because their lungs are not fully developed. The EPA estimates that secondhand smoking is responsible for between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respitory infections in i nfants and children under 18 months of age yearly, which result in between 7,500 and 15,000 hospitalizations each year. Children heart-to-heart to secondhand smoke are also more likely to have reduced lung function and symptoms like coughing, excess phlegm, and wheezing. Secondhand smoking can lead to a buildup of fluid in the middle ear, the most common cause of hospitalized children for an operation. Asthmatic children are especially at risk. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the bit of episodes and severity of symptoms in hundreds of thousands of asthmatic children. Between 200,000 and 1,000,000 asthmatic children have their condition worsened by secondhand smoke.

The Poets and Writers of the Harlem Renaissance :: Authors

The Poets and Writers of the Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem Renaissance was a great time of achievement for the black poets and writers of the 1920s and early 30s. legion(predicate) had a overweight life living in the Harlem district of New York city. The foundations of this movement were laid in the neighborly and political thought of the early 20th century.One of the close to famous of these black political leaders was W.E.B. DuBois. DuBois was the editor of the influential magazine The Crisis. In this magazine he repeatedly rejected the notion that blacks could achieve social equality by following white ideals and standards. He strongly strove for the renewal of black racial pride through increased emphasis on their African culture and heritage.Langston Hughes, another writer of the Harlem Renaissance, is known and remembered for writing during the movement, but not being guided by a common literary purpose. The only contend that greatly influenced his literature was his own ex periences with being an African American.Langston Jughes poems and writings realistically depicted the life of black Americans. These were lives and situations many people outside their race knew null about. His work was of high quality and won a favorable reception from the major publishing houses, who were willing to promote his writings only for commercial reasons. Many of these publishing houses stressed their notion of Harlem as an alien, but also as an exotic and unknown place of strange new wonders.During the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes had four major writings that promoted the African Negritude Movement. The first was a critical essay entitled The Negro Artist and the Racial Movement, which discussed the excitement of this time period. Later, he would write The Big Sea, an memorial stating the hardships in his life due to his race.The other two influentioal writings of Hughes, was his two poems, The Weary Blues and Fine Clothes to the Jew. Both were experimental in electri cal capacity and form, which made Jughes leary of their acceptance. Fortunately, they both were accepted and provided a much needed strength to the movement.Langston Hughes is greatly remembered for his genius for merging the comic and the pathetic. His works also influenced many humorists and satirists. save of all his gifts to society, his most enduring was his belief in the commonality of all cultures and the universality of human suffering.

Male Dominance in Marriage Essay

The main female characters in Kate Chopins The chronicle of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The yellow Wallpaper similarly provide the concept of male dominance in a traditional marriage. This is achieved through the vivid description of both Mrs. mallard and the tellers emotional burdens as they fulfill their obligations as their maintains wives. Albeit not directly stated in any of the two stories, the very situations of the wives in the hands of their maintains already show the negative effects of male dominance in the emotional well- beingness of women in marriages.Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour may exact started to establish the personality of Mrs. Mallard as a sensitive woman who dearly loves her husband. Gradually, Chopin reveals an ambiguity in the feelings of the character as she describes Mrs. Mallard that, When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath free, free, free (Chopin, ). Gradually, readers are given a wider view of how Mrs.Mallard feelings are becoming. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they create a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature (Chopin, ). However, in the end, readers are implicitly informed that the cause of Mrs. Mallards shoemakers last is due to the realization that her husband is actually alive. When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease of the joy that kills (Chopin, ).The last statement gives out the message that the joy upon seeing her husband alive is not actually the reason for her death but rather because of the freedom that has been lost when he appeared at their doorstep. In this story, the Mrs. Mallard secretly endures a miserable life with her husband which can be blamed on womens domesticity. After a moment of grief, she becomes glad that she is finally free from the demanding grasps of her husband. The pressures an d demands brought most by the societys claim that womens role are merely for domestic purposes pushes Mrs.Mallard into being grateful for her husbands death. This is, of course, a wrongful act however it is triggered by the characters desire for liberation. Mrs. Mallards suppressed desire for liberation somewhat mirrors that of the narrators in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. The problem of male dominance in a marriage can also be observed as the writer uncovers the mental and emotional effects of male dominance and social pressure to women. It is a story about the wickedness of confinementliterally and psychologically.In the story, the narrators husband locks her inside a room with yellow wallpaper because he believes that she would be cured of her post-partum depression due to recently giving birth. He thinks he could cure her by means of rest cure treatment. This symbolizes the very prison that the husband made for his wife when he married her. As a result, the wife resorts and depends on the images that the yellow wallpaper provides her. She begins to see images crawling and creeping inside it and starts hallucinating, thus, worsening the mental state of the wife.The story is an entire symbolism of women being manipulated fully by men. The husbands way of taking charge of his wifes mental health signifies the concept of male domination in the story. If a physician of high standing, and ones own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depressiona slight hysterical tendencywhat is one to do? (Gilman, ). The narrators question reveals the powerlessness of a woman in her society if a physician of higher standing whom she refers as a man has already made a conclusion and solution against her will.In a thorough analysis, the husband symbolizes the patriarchal ascendancy that restricts womens lives. They are expected to always follow and obey their husbands and fathers as the y are believed to know the best for everyone. In Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour, readers are exposed to the concept of a wife trying to bear the news of her husbands death and the ambiguity of her feelings towards it. In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, the author presents the ongoing problem of male dominance over females.Nonetheless, both stories deal with how husbands usually hold the authority in a household and the end of such authority can lead to esteem and emotional problems for women. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. literary works and Society An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 2009. pp. 358. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Literature and society an introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, nonfiction Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 2009. pp. 307

Deborah Tannen Analysis Essay

Ap English Tannen Essay Section 1 Theory You Just Dont Understand Women and Men in discourse by Deborah Tannen is fundamentally an explanation on how women and men converse. Tannens main goal is to give advice to the different genders in order for them to avoid as much departure as possible. Tannens main ideas atomic number 18 to explain how differently women and men react to each(prenominal) others way of being. Its like theyre in their own little world while living in the same big world. Men tend to turn out to dominate situations and tend to forever and a day want to be at the top.Women do not tend to want to get into impinge but tend to show understanding. These big differences bring them into conflict. A Tannen explains, What he wanted conflicted with what she wanted. (40) Women and men are constantly clashing in opinions. Men are usually trying to be above each other which is something Tannen calls one-up. It is like men are always in competition with people around them. For example, in chapter 2, Tannen explains why men dont engage for directions. She explains, The fact that you have the information, and the person you are speaking to doesnt, sends a metamessage of superiority.If reasons are inherently hierarchal, then(prenominal) the one who has more information is framed as higher(prenominal) up on the ladder, by virtue of being more knowledgeable and competent. This shows how men are always trying to be at the top of either conversation. They want to know e precisething, in order to be at the top of everyone. Women have a completely different view point then men. They flummox to be accepted by others, they try to avoid conflict, and they tend to show that they understand what the other person is trying to say.For example, in chapter 6, Tannen begins to explain how in a comic, the two boys are fighting while a girl named Debbie is trying to be the peacemaker. She claims that she is looking for someone but the boys say that the person isnt t here. pull raze though she knows the person is there, she acts like she doesnt know anything to avoid conflict. Tannen explains, Females play the function of being peace makers. (162) This shows how women basically try to avoid any conflict with anyone. Section 2 Setting The setting of the conversation is at lunch in a restaurant for a reunion.There are three women Cathy and Jeanne are sisters and bloody shame is their mom. The conversation is taking place at a restaurant called The Cheese Cake Factory at around 1245. The women are having lunch because Cathy came down to visit them from Venezuela. The women havent seen each other in two months. They basically discuss their life styles and explain how their children act. Section 3 Analysis In this conversation, there are no men. Since there are only women, there is no conflict and they basically agree with each other in everything.They call down about their childrens behaviors and no one speaks more than one another. However, eve n though Mary does talk, she speaks less than her daughters do. The women only interrupt each other double in the entire conversation but it is to add positive feedback to each of their issues. For example, Jeanne interrupts Cathy to say of course, when Cathy is talking about her conditions in Venezuela. Throughout the conversation, the topic basically stays the same. Unlike men, these women dont try to be one-up from each other in anyway. No one swashs about anything and they dont try to put each other down.In fact, they agree with each other when they share different anecdotes. For example, Jeanne agrees with Mary when Mary says that it was hard to have 3 teenagers at once. Jeanne specifically says, How the heck did you do that I think Tannens theory of women is proven by this conversation. Since there are just women, they each agree with each other and are very understanding of their concerns and opinions. Section 4 Reflection In this conversation, I completely agree with what Tannen would think of this conversation. Women always tend to agree with each other and then add feedback to the conversation.Also, men like to be straight to the point while women like to be detailed and concerned. This is exactly what the ladies are doing in this conversation. They do not try to be better than each other in any way they are simply having lunch. No one tries to take the lead role of the conversation and neither one of them tries to act like theyre better than another. This book has opened my eyes to many things I neer noticed. I never noticed why men and women clash so much with each other. Men and women are very different. For example, this book made me feel the need to consider my parents relationship.They do fight because they have different views on how to deal with things. My mom seems to overreact to things in my papas eyes. However, my mom feels that my dad doesnt care so much about her since he feels this way. I agree with her when she compares the gende rs. However, at times I felt that she would exaggerate. As a woman, I notice that I do many of the things she says in her book. Im never looking for conflict and I dont like to brag to people that I dont really know because it seems like theyll judge me. However, in this book, I feel that women look weak in her eyes.She feels that they are always willing to avoid conflict but this is not always the case. Women fight as well for what they want. At times, I felt her book had been incorrect because the ideas were more stuck in the past. For example, the newspaper example in chapter 3. When I read this example, the first think I thought about was my grandparents. They always fight payable to the idea of my grandpa always reading the paper rather than talking to my grandma. A lot of couples, nowadays, dont have this problem. This to me shows that its inaccurate information.

Examining the Bhagavad-Gita Essay

Before examining the Bhagavad-Gita I believe it is necessary to check a general understand of the primeval pedagogics of Hinduism. I have some knowledge of Hinduism from friends, but really have no understanding of what it really factor to be Hindu. The comment that a Hindu friend of mind made to me once about Hindu is that it is not really as much of a righteousness as much it is a way of life and respect for it. I know that Hindi worship many different gods and revere some animals as sacred, but I have never really understood the fundamental of this religion. I am grateful that this assignment has given me the opportunity and motivation to examine the Hindu religion and one of it great literary works.The first base thing to realize about Hinduism is that it is not strictly a region. It is based on the practices of Dharma, the code of life. Dharma name means universal religion. Unlike otherwise religions Hindu did not originate from a single source, such as a person or book . It did not depart at a discernible point in time either. Hinduism is an ancient religion that was inspired by the ancient rishis and the principles where discovered through their meditations. The oldest writings be about 4000 years old. Below is a statement that captures the foundation of Hinduism.Hindu religious thought is based upon the belief in the Ultimate Reality, faith in the reality of the spirit, and faith in the spiritual order or the world. (The Hindu religious tradition -Stachidananda)I can now turn my attention to the Bhagavad Gita, with at least a general concept to forge my understanding. The Bhagavad Gita is widely known and renowned work of Indias spiritual wisdom. The Gita has seven hundred concise verses that ar a definitive guide to the science of self realization within the universe and the Braham-Atman. The story of Bhagavad begins with Krishna driving Arjunas chariot into the middle of a differencefield. The battle was between Duryodhana (Pandavas) and A rjuna (Kauaravas) for the right to rule the country. The Gita if full of symbolism everything represents or stands for something. The battlerepresents the struggle between good and evil. This would relate to the inner struggle that we all have within ourselves of our good and bad character traits.The first chapter of the Gita deals with the despondency of Arjuna. When Arjuna starts make war, he becomes overwhelmed with emotional attachments to the people he is battling. These people were once his friends, family and teachers. How could he annihilate them? He stops in the middle of the battles and indeed battles within self not to fight these people. He tries to talk himself out of the situation. The lesson learned in the first chapter is that sometimes we lose sight of the truth when we have emotional attachments to a situation.In the next few chapters of the Gita, Arjuna starts down a path of self awareness, a key fundamental belief of Hinduism. As he battles with in himself as h e struggles to find an attend to. At this point, he realizes he doesnt have an answer and turns to Krishna, on of the many forms of God. He learns that sometimes an individual has a higher purpose and we must have the wisdom to acknowledge this and discover it. We must put out from our senses and move to an awareness where we control our mind. At that instance we will have complete self awareness and the clarity to move forward with conviction and wisdom.When chronic to read the Gita it becomes apparent that many daily practices of Hindus are derived from it. The Gita served as the foundation for the coterie system. There has been much controversy over the caste system, but the original purpose and meaning was beautiful. It was meant to help individual be aware of their inborn temperaments, talents and capacities. Again, the Gita is teaching self awareness.Another remarkable fact about the Gita is that it gives a person a roadmap to live by. It teaches individuals to give themsel ves over to and devote their lives to the supreme God, Braham-Atman. The Gita teaches how to surrender to Braham-Atman and how to become enlightened. With enlightenment we escape from karma have rebirth and admittance into Nirvina.One of my favorite chapters of the Gita is Chapter 17 Yoga of the Three-fold Faith. This chapter deals with the practical applications of faith. Faith is a strong discipline in Hinduism. Because of faith they worship the Supreme God and many other deities with great devotion. It is in this chapter that one can begin to understand reasoning for Hindu believe of reincarnation. This chapter explains that those who are twice-born are traditionally dedicated to spiritual knowledge. This chapter in like manner elaborates on many rules that Hinduism and other religions use to live by. Examples of these are to be clean and keep you body and sprit clean, be kind and speak kindly to others and gifts should nevertheless be given if it is the right thing to do.Aft er reading the Bhagavad-Gita I am astonished. I can see so many parallels between it and the teaching of Jesus in the New Testament. I can also begin to see how Hinduism is the Universal Religion. The Bhagavad-Gita and the symbolism that is contains either reinforces much of the Hindu religion/ ism or may have even set the standard. It is hard for me to tell at this point, but it makes me want to study this religion even more.The Gita is part of a greater Hindu writing call the Upansides, which evolved from an oral tradition that began over 4000 years ago. In the early oral tradition, the Guru (teacher) sat with his followers and recited the verse. The followers then memorized the verse and passed it down through the generations. The verses are written in poetic or lyrical form because poems are committed to memory then prose. in like manner it is though that the singing of the verse took on a magical quality when used in ritual.The content of the Gita is awing and what is even ju st as amazing is the way it is written. The Gita contains 18 chapters with each having numerous versus. After own(prenominal)ly reading the Gita I have been emotionally and intellectually moved. The setting of the story and the even the personal anguish of Arjuna is enough to gain ones interest on the surface. Once the symbolism and the deeper meaning that are represent it truly becomes a lyrical cull of literature. The piece of literature is phenomenal and tothink it was written thousands of years ago. This just shows that Humans still struggle with the same issues as one thousands of years ago. We may of give technological, but intellectually we are still adolescents.ReferencesCampbell, Joseph and Eliade, Mircea. The Universal Myths Heros, Gods, Tricksters and Others. New York Truman Talley Books/Meridian, 1976Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli and Moore, Charles A. Indian Philosophy. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1973Stachidananda, Sri Swami. The Living Gita, The Co mplete Bhagavad Gita 5th Edition. Yogaville, Virginia Integral Yoga Publications, 2003

Bennett Explores the Fine Line Between Wisdom and Foolishness in ‘the History Boys’. Discuss with Reference to This Comedic Drama.

Bennett seeks the graceful argument surrounded by sapience and unadvisedness in The History Boys. Discuss with reference to this comedic drama. The fine billet between wisdom and foolery has often been explored and blurred in dramatic comedies throughout the ages. Often, in Shakespe bes plays especi every(prenominal)y, the fool figure turns out to be the perspicaciousst figure out of all of the other characters, and is used as a style to make a comment on the social condition of the time.This beginning is present in The History Boys, as Bennett mostly uses characters as a way of exploring the fine line. He also uses scenes and themes during the play to explore the fine line between wisdom and foolishness, but he tends to focus on using the characters to explore the line instead. The original is a character with whom, when first introduced to, the audience would represent the title of foolish, as Bennett shows him to be a very(prenominal) foolish character.However, this wo uld differ from Shakespeares fool in his plays the fools were often the wisest of characters, but in this circumstance, with this character, the lord acts foolish without becoming the fool from Shakespeare, as the Headmaster doesnt have the hidden wisdom and knowledge Shakespeares fools had. For instance, when discussing competing schools in the league tables with Mrs Lintott, he says Leighton Park. Or is than an open prison?No matter This quote shows the reader what a foolish composition Bennett has created a headmaster not knowing the difference between a competing school in the league tables and a prison is absurd. However, it helps Bennett to show the fine line between wisdom and foolery, as some members of the audience whitethorn think that the Headmaster is wise in some of the finishs he makes, as he does know methods to put down the students to achieve academic levels that allow entry into Oxbridge.another(prenominal) wink where Bennett explores the fine line is when h e says, upon discussing Oxbridge with the supply teacher Irwin, I thought of vent to, but this was the fifties. Change was in the air The first impression presumptuousness of him from this line of speech is that the characters around him must be able to see through his lies and see the fool that he ultimately is in the fifties, life was the comparable as in the forties it was the sixties where change was in the air and the characters around the Headmaster would know that he was ying to cover the fact that he wasnt academically smart enough to attend Oxbridge. This does show him to hold some wisdom, however, as he was smart enough to cover up the fact that he didnt attend Oxbridge, even if the lie wasnt successful, and that he is wise as he does motivation the best for the boys, but again, this is outweighed by the foolish decision that is to becharm the boys to Oxbridge to raise the school in the league tables to enhance its reputation and thereby his own career showing he is m ostly trying to get the boys do to well for his benefit.Bennett also uses the character of the Headmaster to make a social comment of the schooling at the time he wrote the play, hinting that headmasters of schools often try to get the better grades for the students only to pull their school up in the league tables, and thereby improve their own reputations of headmasters. A second character Bennett uses to explore the fine line between wisdom and foolishness is intimidate, one of the boys teachers.One of the first impressions we get of bullyrag is that he is a character who Bennett presents to be very wise he has taught the boys so well they can quote literature at any time of the day in the correct context Posner (Edgar) Look up, My Lord. Timms (Kent) Vex not his ghost This is quite a feat to achieve, and it also shows that he too knows and understands when and where to quote literature, again showing his wisdom.However, this is a storey where Bennett does show how fine the line between wisdom and foolishness actually is, as some people whitethorn view this skill as useless, as it probably wont be able to help them in their university or working life, unless they pursue a career where literature and the need to quote it is needed, so this act may be viewed as quite foolish spending time teaching the boys something they probably wont need in their future lives, despite the fact that they and Hector may be considered wise for having this skill.Bennett does show Hector to be a character who does act very foolish sometimes No Headmaster, (He covers his ears. )Non. Absolument non. Non. Non. Non. The stage directions used here make Hector act like a naughty child who is refusing to stop what theyre doing a grown man, who is a teacher nonetheless, playacting this way does appear to be a fool to people around him, even if they know he is only pretending. However, this is one of the moments where you can explicitly tell that Bennett is exploring the fine line etween wisdom and foolishness and is showing indeed how very fine it is some people may see past Hector acting like a fool and see him to be very wise he knows that if he carries on refusing to do what the Headmaster askes of him, the Headmaster may well just give up and drop the subject. This could be down to the fact that Hector doesnt view the Headmaster as a wise man more of a fool who you can walk over and expect to carry on doing things the way you want to, even if the Headmaster is against it. A hand on a boys genitals at fifty miles an hour, and you call it nothing? This is a very important quote in showing how Bennett explores the fine line. Hector is a very wise man he has a deep understanding and knowledge of literature, he has helped get the boys A-Levels up to the standards of Oxbridge and is, academically, quite smart. However, the quote shows that, in terms of his judgements, he is quite a fool the acts he performed were frowned upon by society at the time, and show t o many people that he has crossed the line between wisdom and foolishness with ease without really realising it. transmission of knowledge This also shows how his judgements are foolish, and how he can be seen to be a fool by many people when he is confronted about his actions, he uses quotes from poetry to try to get out of the confrontation. By the end of the play, many people would probably see Hector as a very wise man, but a man who has the tendency to cross the fine line between wisdom and foolishness, whilst others would see him as only being a fool, despite his knowledge in literature.Overall, Hector is probably Bennetts main way to explore the fine line between wisdom and foolishness, as Hector crosses the line countless times without realising it himself. Another way Bennett explores the fine line between wisdom and foolishness is by using scenes, such as the French Scene. This scene takes place towards the start of the play, and is where Hector and the boys practise speak ing fluent French by acting out a scene of their choice in French. Mais une maison de passe ou tous les clients utilisent le subjonctif ou le conditionnel, oui? (But a brothel where all clients use the subjunctive or conditional, yes? ) This quote is taken from the scene and helps to show the wise and the foolish sides of Hector he and the students are acting out a scene in fluent French (which in itself is a very academic skill for the students to have learnt) and Hector is quite wise in getting them to practise using their French in everyday scenes, thus improving their fluency.However, the foolish part is the fact that the scene they are all acting out is a brothel, which is a very foolish thing to do considering where they are (in a school), but the fact that Hector keeps on going on about their grammar whilst speaking French does show some wisdom, with the fact that he knows exactly how to get the boys to improve their fluency and grammatical skill in French, but in a very foo lish circumstance. A third way the fine line between wisdom and foolishness is through themes specifically the themes of sexuality and sex.For sexuality Dont touch him This quote is quite important in showing the fine line between wisdom and foolishness, as it is said when Hector and Irwin are discussing Hectors early retirement, teaching and Dakin. Bennett shows here that Hectors foolish decisions have turned him into a wiser man, who is advising Irwin on how not to make the same foolish mistake he did. The foolishness here makes the scene quite tragic rather than comic. For the theme of sex, the fine line is explored when Dakin and Scripps have a conversation together about Fiona (the Headmasters secretary). like particularly her tits, which only fell after a prolonged labour some three weeks ago The wordplay in this conversation is very foolish indeed, which Scripps finds funny albeit embarrassing, but the wisdom in Dakin is evident by the way Dakin applies military logistics to a new context with ease, using the semantic field of war. Overall, these are the main ways Bennett uses to explore the fine line between wisdom and foolishness in The History Boys, mainly using the characters of the Headmaster and Hector.

The Failed Offensive

The year 1961 saw the attempt of Cuban exiles to replace the Cuban g overning body take by Fidel Castro, and it was on April 17 on the same year when aerial bombings were launched as an attack by a coalition posted by the coupled States against Cuba which later came to be cognise as the verbalize of Pigs Invasion. Although the unite States helped in the curriculumning and in the funding of the infringement, it failed pay off after the night landing of the invasion was discovered which led to the overwhelm of the invasion just within three days.It is because of the immediate discovery and the reports about the invasion which practically enabled the Cuban government of Castro to frustrate the invasion and capture a large number of encroachers. The consequence of the failed invasion is for Castro to start obtaining nuclear warheads from the Soviet government in the fear of another invasion backed by the United States, thereby leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis. History The history of the Bay of Pigs invasions stems before the time of the Kennedy administration.Miller and Miller observe that the strains amidst the relations of Cuba and America stems back from immigration issues. They observe that As the number of immigrants increased, relations with Cuba began to deteriorate after 1959. In June 1960 U. S. oil refineries in Cuba refused to process Russian crude oil. The Cuban government retaliated by demesnealizing the oil refineries. On July 5, 1960, the Cuban government nationalized all U. S. property in Cuba.In retaliation, the United States gougeceled Cubas sugar export quota. This action amounted to an economic sanction against Cuba (Miller and Miller, p. 53). In the following years, the tension amongst the two countries grew and the desire to free Cuba from the leadership of Castro intensified. Miller and miller notes Attempts to free Cuba from Castros regime began under the Eisenhower administration, and under the Kennedy administration, U. S . -Cuban relations move to deteriorate.Less than three months after be feeler president, Kennedy authorized an invasion of Castros regime by Cuban exiles on April 17, 1961. Regrettably for the United States, the 1,500-man exile disembowel was defeated in less than 72 hours. The invasion increased Castros political power and popularity. As William Goodwin, a White House advisor, stated It made him even more of a hero as the man who had def stop Cuba against the greatest power in the world (Miller and Miller, p. 54). Almost a year before the actual Bay of Pigs Invasion, the U. S. Central intelligence information Agency recommended to then-President Dwight Eisenhower a plan to equip Cuban exiles and use them for action against the newly established socialist Cuban government led by Fidel Castro. Since it was the form _or_ system of government of the American government to provide military, logistics and strategic assistance to guerilla forces fighting the government of Castro, the CIA pursued to train Cuban exiles for the mission.Among the archetypical plans to be adopted for the invasion is to land the Cuban exiles near the city of Trinidad, Cuba since the site gave a handful of choices for the brigade of Cuban exiles to exploit at the height of the invasion in the coming days. At the least, the site gave the exiles the advantage of a beach landing and of returning to the mountains for a possible retreat as the necessity would arise. However, the progress of the plans to invade Cuba led to several changes such as the change in the landing spot for Brigade 2506 from Trinidad to the Bay of Pigs.As a result, contacts with the rebels located in the Escambray Mountains were cut thereby cut back the military support the Cuban exiles needed. Further, senior KGB operatives Osvaldo Sanchez Cabrera and Aragon warned the Cuban government about the forthcoming invasion, thus giving Castro and his military men the time to anticipate and plan their counter moves agains t the U. S. -backed offensive. All these changes in the invasion plan under the helm of President Kennedy after seeking information to his advisors if the overthrow of Fidel Castro could be tied with weapon system shipments.The Invasion The invasion could be divided into at least three actions sea, air and land offensives. The invasion was initiated with three flights of B-2B bombers on the early hours of April 15, 1961. As aircrafts with the markings of the Cuban Fuerza Armada Revolucionaria (CRAF) flew over and bombarded the airfields of Antonio Maceo International Airport, San Antonio de los Banos and Ciudad Libertad, counter air attacks against the CRAF, named Operation Puma, were also formed.In the attempt to paralyze the air force of the Cuban government through the air attacks, the first air operations failed primarily because the air strikes were discontinued as opposed to what was original intended. There was a second attempt to foil the air force of the Cuban government b y launching another air attack. However, the second plan was cancelled because President Kennedy hoped to make the operation look as if the Cuban exiles were the ones responsible in the attacks and not the U. S. government.By doing so, the American government can easily deny accusations of being held responsible for the operation. The cancellation of the air assaults on the air fields of Cuba generally contri anded to the failure of the invasion and the deaths of many Cuban exiles. Almost two days after the failed air strikes, approximately 1,300 Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs situated at the Cuban southern coast. Armed with weapons provided by the American government, the exiles intended to proceed to Havana in the hopes of gaining local support.At first, the invaders were able to suppress the ground militia at the beach, forcing the Cuban forces to surrender. It was under the prerogative of President Kennedy to use air force to support ground troops but he never opted to do so. As a result, the armies of the government of Castro were able to stop the invading forces at the Bay of Pigs. Naval offenses also took a crucial role in the offensives, with the invader ship Blagar fighting off Cuban aircrafts and with the naval forces of Castro losing at least one ship, the P.C. Baire. The aftermath Although the exact number of deaths for the Cuban government is widely disputed, it can hardly be argued that the death toll went by the thousands. Interestingly, even though the casualties among the Cuban government were higher in contrast to the invading forces, the Castro government ended up gaining as much as $53 million worth of feed and medicine in exchange for the lives of the captured exiles who were sentenced to thirty years in prison house for treason.However, negotiations for the release of the captured exiles took almost twenty months which started from the demand of Castro for 500 large tractors to his demand of $28 million. In the end, 1,113 priso ners were released in exchange for $53 million worth of food and medicine the funds were supposedly obtained from private donations. It was also reported that President Kennedy hesitated to back the ground forces of the Cuban exiles with further air strikes because Kennedy did not want a full scale war. In doing so, Kennedy effectively abandoned the Cuban exiles fighting on the ground against the forces of Fidel Castro.More strategicly, the CIA believed that the invasion would lead to a spark in the imagination of the people against the government of Castro thereby gaining the support of the Cubans with the offensive. In its entirety, Erich Weede observes that the failure of the invasion reinforced the ironies in the decisions and motives of the United States. Weede argues that The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 was the most important case of vacillation and inconsistency President John F. Kennedy would have liked to get rid of Fidel Castro and to replace him by a more frien dly government, but he did not want to send in U.S. troops when Cuban exiles were not up to the task. The Bay of Pigs disaster only reinforced Castros hostility toward the United States (Weede, p. 136). Thus, one of the consequences of the failure in the Bay of Pigs is the increased hostility of Fidel Castro towards the United States, which also led to his forging an informal alliance with the Soviet Union, a nation which has been a firm opponent of America. The observation of Weede reinforces the idea that Kennedy was playing things safe, owing to the fact that Cuban exiles were the primary tools in engaging the Cuban government into a hostile battle.Piero Gleijeses further notes that one of the causes of the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasions is the miscommunication between the CIA and the White House and that it would have been politically costly for Kennedy to have aborted the operation (Gleijeses, p. 2). He stresses the lodge that The Bay of Pigs was approved because the CIA and the White House assumed they were speaking the same language when, in fact, they were speaking in utterly different tongues (Gleijeses, p. 2). Gleijeses observation indicates that the miscommunication between the CIA and the White House (Gleijeses, p.2) contributed to the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, stemming back to the discontinuation of the plans first determined prior to the attacks at the Bay. At the aftermath of the failed attempt to invade Cuba right from the Bay of Pigs, Lucien Vandenbroucke observed that Kennedy and his advisers did not carefully weigh competing alternatives and then select the invasion of Cuba as the best policy without taking into account the fact that Castro had over 200,000 men in arms and the benefit of the Guatemalan precedent (Vandenbroucke, p. 472).He further noted that Carried out deftly enough to conceal the American hand, the Bay of Pigs invasion promised to turn to with Castro while preserving the United States image. In short, the n, the rational actor model suggests that the lack of other viable alternatives prompted the choice of the invasion, which appeared best in ground of a rational cost-benefit analysis (Vandenbroucken, p. 472). There is little or no disagreement over the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion which resulted to the increased tension between the United States and Cuban governments.As the tensions increased, Fidel Castro apparently looked for ways to strengthen his military capabilities and, thus, the military aid by the Soviet Union in terms of nuclear warheads was a tempting option to be easily discarded. The years that followed soon paved the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis which further smeared the capabilities of the Kennedy administration to handle tough situations which ingest the security of the United States.Had the Bay of Pigs invasion been a success, there were promising chances for the American government to further launch successful offensives against the Castro government w ith the aid of the Cuban exiles (Dominguez, p. 20). Works Cited Dominguez, Jorge I. Us-Cuban Relations in the 1980s Issues and Policies. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27. 1 (1985) 20. Gleijeses, Piero. Ships in the Night The Cia, the White House and the Bay of Pigs. Journal of Latin American Studies 27. 1 (1995) 2. Miller, Willard E. , and Ruby M. Miller. The U. S.Invasion of Cuba The Bay of Pigs. United States Immigration A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO, 1996. 53, 54. Vandenbroucke, Lucien S. Anatomy of a Failure The Decision to Land at the Bay of Pigs. Political Science Quarterly 99. 3 (1984) 472. Weede, Erich. Patterns of International Conflict During the Cold War and the Contemporary Challenge. Economic Development, Social Order, and World Politics With Special dialect on War, Freedom, the Rise and Decline of the West, and the Future of East Asia. Boulder, CO Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996. 136.

Article Review Essay

The article, School counselling Outcome A Meta-Analytic Explanation of Interventions, written by Whiston, S., Tai, W., Rahardja, D., and Eder, K. is question done to show if certain interventions and techniques used by school counselors are way outive. The article discussed two types of studies, one with controlled comparisons and another involving pre and posttest differences. The article began with the history of counseling and the specimen counselors are using. Campbell and Dahirs (as cited in Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, & Eder, 2011), specified that school counselors should coordinate a program that facilitates academic, career, and personal social development. Many schools and counselors have been following Gysbers and Hendersons model which has four program components supported by the American School Counselor Association (ASCA).They include guidance curriculum, individual planning, responsive operate, and governance support. There has been limited research done on these comp onents to conclude if the interventions are effective. A major problem with the reviews of school counseling is that they are not commensurate to indicate the degree to which school counseling interventions influence student outcome (Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, & Eder (2011). In the article in that location were some major strengths and gains. There was evidence that particularised interventions work with certain groups. The research also supports the need for school counselor to be more involved with all students, since there is a positive effect when students have been working with a guidance counselor. Yet, we still need moreresearch in the elementary level to see how we can support the younger students more effectively. There were also some major limitations noted about the study.This included not having enough supported information on how the interventions or treatments were conducted, absent valuable information, not having reliable standardized assessments, not following up t o see how the interventions overhauled, and the study was done with only specific interventions. They also concluded that there were specific gains in certain areas, but could not identify how they got those results. The conclusions of the studies indicate that students who receive services from a counselor scored higher on standardized test. Counseling also helped with discipline, problem solving, and career knowledge compared to students not receiving any interventions.This shows the importance of having a school counselor and the role they play in making a difference in the lives they touch. Both studies indicated the effectiveness of a balance approach to school counseling that provides a guidance curriculum to all students and responsive services that respond to students issues (Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, & Eder, 2011). In this study we can see how important a school counselor is to students facing difficult issues. It is noted how some interventions can help a student be success ful with academics, social interactions, and behavior.After reading this article I can see how effective counseling can be for all students. As an elementary teacher I get out try to use a strategic comprehensive guidance program and data to give my instruction. Using information from teachers, parents and administration I can plan my lessons to better meet the needs of students. Following up with students and keeping data on interventions will be a priority.ReferencesWhiston, S. C., Tai, W., Rahardja, D., & Eder, K. (2011). School counseling outcome A metaanalytic examination of interventions. Journal Of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 37-55. doi10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00059.x

History Context of China’s Modern History

History is vital in the development of a country. China is one of the countries with a rich account of historical events. These include the Chinese Civil War, spectacular Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, and peachy Famine. I am fascinated by Chinas Great Faminelargest ever recorded famine in human historythat transpired between 1959 and 1961. The famine had caused the goal of about 30 million Chinese citizens due to extreme starvation.Encyclopedia of Population describes the famine as massive institutional and policy changes which accompanied the Great Leap Forward were the key factors in the famine. monoamine oxidase Zedong, a distinguished Chinese leader, had this wild dream to make Chinas economy rapid climb quickly. He planned to surpass Britains achievement on iron and steel production. So he ordered millions of peasants to join the iron and steel production workforce instead of working in their fields.My grandfather, who had undergo that period said, I was ordered to mi ne local deposits of iron ore and limestone while my brother was ordered to make metal instead of farming. My grandfather said that people then were eating tree peels and roots. Those efforts toward industrialization resulted to change magnitude agricultural activities that eventually triggered the spread of famine.

Epic Hero and the Values of the Society Essay

The gunslinger of an big is characterized by their extraordinary abilities and strength which helped them to meet all the challenges they engage to instance along their journey. They atomic number 18 the main subjects of these long narrative epic poems. The epic hero is set-apart from the rest of the people. They ar being admired by other(a)s for their ability to do what ordinary man would not attempt to do. The birth of these heroes was taken account into. These men atomic number 18 destined to play an important spot in their society. They also became the reflection of the values of their society. Epic heroes are mythical characters taken from the ancient clips.These heroes are larger-than-life because of their impressive and marvellous deeds that bath surpass what ordinary man can do. more specifically an epic hero must posses certain qualities to recognize him as a real epic hero. They must possess great physical strength. They are more clever and cunning than the or dinary. They are brave and brave. They are not easily intimidated or frightened by the challenges ahead of them. They have goals and are highly determined to attain their collect for something they believed is of great value for him and to his people. They are victorious most of the time with the battles they encounter.Their success gave them recognition. Their society may choose him to be their rightful leader or ruler because of the tremendous thing they proved they can do. later on learning this things ab prohibited an epic hero one can observed among epic poems this pattern of the heroes characteristic. They seem to be similar in many ways. Along with other epic heroes of all times are the names like Beowulf, Gilgamesh and Odysseus. Looking at how each of the heroes had change themselves through the various test and preparation they undertake before they are recognize as rattling(a) leaders.They come from different backgrounds and culture which they typically embodies. Beo wulf the Old English Epic Who is Beowulf? What was his exploits? What values where important in his society? These are the questions that will guide us to discover more about the epic hero Beowulf. This epic poem had been pen in England though the setting of the story could have been in Scandinavia. Beowulf as many knew is one of the most important surviving Anglo-Saxon classic literatures. This epic was believed to have been written between the 8th and 11th centuries. (Foster, 2003) Beowulf was recognized as a Geat.He was known by others as a super human. One of his greatest achievements was when he bruiseed Grendel in an encounter. Beowulf fought one-on-one with Grendel which was known as a junky an enemy of the people of that time. Beowulf came to rescue the people of that kingdom from Grendel. To show his successful defeat of Grendel he brought menage Grendels head. During the struggle, he won because of the help of a magical giant sword. Beowulf consequently also battle wi th Grendels mother who was plunge deep into the earth. He faced alone the monster found in the underworld. After he won in this adventure he didnt compose immediately the new king.He fought for the throne along with King Hygelac. King Hygelac died during a break and was hence offered the throne merely he refused and let the kings son inherit the throne. Because of his many heroic acts the Danes were please. The Danes and the Geats are then united. The people now anticipated Beowulf to be their new king. He must face other more dangers to prove himself worthy to be called the King of the Geats. His last battle involved a fight with a flying tartar. By that time he was in old age and has been ruling the Geats when the dragon came and threatened his kingdom. He needs to defeat this dragon to save his people from danger.He must essay his own life to achieve his goal of saving the kingdom. In this battle he successfully killed the dragon but it left him seriously wounded. He then had to face his death. Odysseus The Greek Mythical Hero After Beowulf is another famous epic hero by the name of Odysseus. Odysseus also with Latin name Ulysses was the reigning ruler of the island kingdom of Ithaca. (Hunter, 1997) unlike Beowulf this man was already enthroned as a king. In the Trojan fight he was the key heroic figure meaning he was among the well known leaders of the Trojan War. Odysseus was actually reluctant to join the expedition.Even if he doesnt want to join the battle he still fought heroically in the Trojan War. He even led the dangerous nocturnal raid together with Diomedes. It was believed that Odysseus was one of the originators of the Trojan horse which were used by the Greeks to finally take over the urban center of Troy. His journey was specially guided by divine intervention. After the Trojan War Odysseus next quest is to successfully return home with his family. Now returning back on his family was his main goal but the journey is very difficult and on that point are many things he needed to pass through.He also needs to face the underworld just like Beowulf who fought in the world of the dead. The difference with Odysseus is that he didnt fight but rather talk and ask some questions. In this journey he came to the point that he need to choose between mortality and immortality. He chose mortality because he wants his home together with his wife Penelope. Going back home he encountered various tragedies like when his ship was destroyed by a thunderbolt and a storm and when he was trapped in island of the Nymph Calypso. many an(prenominal) things have happened after the war and on the way home. When Odysseus came at last he found that there were problems in Ithaca also. It took about twenty years before he successfully returned to his home. He found out that his wife Penelope had remained faithful to him all through those years even though there are pressures for her to get married again. He arrived at the palace and found the suitors of his wife. He pretended to be a beggar and destroyed all of them afterwards.

Bandura Theory of Social Learning

Learning is a affable process and we define through inter personationion with other(a)s in our day to day life. Prior to 1960, theories of figureing were heavily influenced by behaviouristic and cognitivist theories. But Albert Banduras kind Learning Theory posits that people learn from one other via reflectivity, imitation, and modeling. The affectionate learn theory has often been called a bridge between conductist and cognitive learning theories because it includes attention, memory, and motivation.As a result it is sometimes called social cognitive learning. While rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning. His theory added a social element, argumentation that people sess learn new information and ports by watching other people cognise as observational learning (or modeling). The social learning theory emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the miens, attitudes and aroused reactions of others. Thus it focuses on learning by observation and modeling. Social learning theory talks near how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and doings. It focuses on the learning that occurs at bottom a social context. It considers that people learn from one another.In Social Context Behavioral factors + Cognitive factors - Social LearningMeaning According to Albert Bandura (1977), In social learning theory, behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning. Social learning is the process in which individuals observe the behavior of others and its consequences, and modify their own behavior accordingly.Banduras theory of social learning Basic Social Learning Concepts There are three affectionateness concepts at the heart of social learning theory. 1) Learning through observation 2) Intrinsic financial backing 3) motley in behavior is not necessary fo r learning 1) Learning through Observation (Observational Learning) In 1961, Bandura demonstrate the now-famous Bobo doll experiments. The Bobo doll is a child-sized inflatable doll with a weighted bottom that causes it to pop anchor up after macrocosm knocked down. In the first stage of these studies, preschool-aged children were divided into three separates one group that observed an big(a) (model) behaving aggressively towards the Bobo doll (punching, kicking, striking with a mallet, yelling), another group that observed the adult chanceing peacefully, and a control group. Each participant viewed their assigned scenario individually.Later, the child was allowed to play independently in the play room which contained a variety of aggressive and non-aggressive toys, including the Bobo doll. Participants acts of verbal and physical aggression toward the Bobo doll were then(prenominal) recorded. Results revealed significant group differences, such that children exposed to the a ggressive model were more likely to imitate what they had seen and post aggressively toward the doll. Bandura argued that the results supported that children could rapidly acquire novel behaviors through the process of observation and imitation, and this occurred even in the absence of any kind of reinforcement.In a 1963, Bandura demonstrated that children imitated aggressive behavior witnessed on video, in sum total to live observation, and children as well imitated aggressive behaviors enacted by a cartoon character. (In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura demonstrated that children learn and imitate behaviors they have observed in other people.The children in Banduras studies observed an adult performing violently toward a Bobo doll. When the children were later allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to imitate the aggressive actions they had antecedently observed.)Social learning theory draws heavily on the concept of modeling, Bandura identified three types of models1) Live model An veritable person is demonstrating the desired behavior.2) Verbal instructional Model An individual explains and describes the desired behavior in details.3) symbolical Model pattern occurs by means of the media including movies, television, Internet, literature and radio.Stimuli can be either real or fictional characters. Mental States are important to learning (IntrinsicReinforcement) An additional study, published in 1965, showed that witnessing the model being punished for the aggressive behavior decreased the likelihood that children would imitate the behavior, a process he referred to as vicarious reinforcement. At the same time, Bandura noted that internal rewards such as pride, satisfaction, sense of accomplishment also influence the learning which he described as intrinsic reinforcement.Learning does not necessarily lead to a interpolate in behaviour While behaviorist believed that learning led to a permanent change in behaviour, social learning demonstrates that people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviours.Key Principles of social learning theory 1) Learning is not purely behavioral rather, it is a cognitive process that takes step to the fore in a social context.2) Learning can occur by observing a behavior and by observing the consequences of the behavior (vicarious reinforcement).3) Learning involves observation, extraction of information from those observations, and making decisions about the performance of the behavior (observational learning or modeling). Thus, learning can occur without an observable change in behavior.4) Reinforcement plays a role in learning but is not entirely responsible for learning.5) The learner is not a passive recipient of information. Cognition, environment, and behavior all mutually influence each other (reciprocal determinism).The Modeling run Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors involving both the model and the learner can pl ay a role in whether social learning is successful. Certain requirements and steps must also be followed. The follo bring forwardg steps are involved in the observational learning and modeling process 1) help I Never seen or thought this BeforeIn order to learn, you need to be gainful attention. Anything that detracts your attention is going to have a negative effect on observational learning. If the model elicit or there is a novel aspect to the situation, you are far more likely to give your full attention to learning. 2) Retention I Figured Out What I have to doThe index to store information is also an important part of the learning process. Retention can be moved(p) by a number of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning. 3) Reproduction Why Not Do It? It Worked Out Fine for others once you have paid attention to the model and retained the information, it is time to actually perform the behavior you observed. make headway practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement and skill advancement. 4) Motivation This action is giving me satisfactionFinally, in order for observational learning to be successful, you have to be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled. Reinforcement and punishment play an important role in motivation. While experiencing these motivators can be highly effective, so can observing other experience some type of reinforcement or punishment. For subject, if you see another student rewarded with extra credit for being to class on time, you might start to show up a few minutes early each day. Vicarious reinforcement behavior is acceptableVicarious punishment behavior is unacceptable Implications Learning by observation (models) students learn simply by observing other people. Modeling cans an alternative to shaping for teaching new behaviors. Instead of using shaping, which is operant conditioning, modeling can reserve a faster, more efficient me ans for teaching new behavior. To promote effective modeling a instructor must make sure that the four essential conditions exist attention, retention, ram reproduction, and motivation. Cognition plays a role in learningLearning can occur without change in behavior Teachers and parents must model allow behaviors and take care that they dont model inappropriate ones. Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models. Students must believe that they are capable of accomplishing school tasks. Teachers should help students set realistic expectations for their academic accomplishments. Self-regulation techniques provide effective methods for improving behavior. Describing the consequences of behavior increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate ones. ExamplesAdvertisements/TV commercials are the most earthy examples of Social Learning Theory. We observe (watch) them, and then copy them. Commercials suggest that drinking a certain beverage or using a particul ar shampoo will make us popular and win the admiration of attractive people. Depending upon the component processes involved (such as attention or motivation), we may model the behavior shown in the commercial and buy the product being advertised. Language learning is another common example of Social Learning Theory. A student tries to imitate or mimic his/her teacher while the teacher demonstrates.Conclusion In addition to influencing other psychologists, Banduras social learning theory has had important implication in the surface area of education. The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1925) has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development. Today, both teachers and parents recognize the importance of modeling appropriate behaviors. Other classroom strategies such as load-bearing(a) children and building self-efficacy are also rooted in social learning theory.Social learning theory posits that noesis acquisition is a cognitive process t hat takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behavior, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.

Mischievous and popular Essay

hockey puck also known as Robin Good Fellow plays an extremely entertaining part in Shakespe bes a midsummers night dream. He is no ordinary constituent he enjoys playing practical jokes on mortals. Oberon the King of fairies (also his master), seems to admire hockey puck because hockey puck keeps Oberon amused with his antics. In this essay, I will be focusing on Pucks character and how he is amusing, mischievous and popular. The following leave off from a midsummers night dream is particularly appropriate because it describes how amusing Puck finds the events that run short during the play. It also gives you an idea of what the events are.And those things do best enthral me that befall preposterously. During the play puck finds the events that lot place astonishingly humorous. It shows that he finds the incident comical because in the text it quotes those things do best please me. Another example is that he finds the matter ridiculous, ludicrous and absurd. that befall prepos terously. In addition Shakespeare portrays Puck as a mischievous spirit, Mislead night wanderers laughing at their harm. This suggests that Puck is girlish yet naive. I think Puck has a limited understanding of the consequences of his jesters.This quote also indicates that Puck is not vile but in turn immature. laughing at their harm. When mortals are in danger, instead of helping them, he will make the situation direr. He is innocent minded. Mislead night wanderers . Furthermore, although Puck is a servant of King Oberon, he is popular due to his cunningness and wit. This is shown in the text. Or else you are that shrewd and knavish spirit called Robin Good Fellow. This implies that Puck is enormously popular that he has his own nickname. Fairies have heard of him even though he doesnt know them. His quality is so vibrant.In the quote, Puck is identified as shrewd because puck is crafty, astute and wise. He is also declare as knavish, in other words an unprincipled servant. From the play we can tell that Puck is a mystical being. This should be represented in his clothes. In my opinion, I imagine Puck wearing confusing clothes such as a white sparkling garment with golden wings. It could also be represented in his speech. Shakespeare depicts Puck as a mischievous, amusing and popular character through his nice choice of words. This gives a chance for the reader to empathize with the devious Puck.

Guns in the US: The statistics behind the violence Essay

Americans rage their zeps, and they will love them until the end of time. But as years go by gunslinger violence has increased passim the U.S. Experts have yet to decide whether to ban guns altogether or would it be just plain unsufferable since Americans gun bearing tradition is so embedded that we could never give them up. Or could we just only if pr reddent guns from falling into the wrong hands? Gun violence has just gotten worse throughout the years. It seems desire every day we study a story about a nonher mass shooting and thither is a big possibility that we will never stop hearing it. Each day we hear the horrors of the stories of the children being in the crossfire or young adults being involved in these shooting. How could society mess up this bad that children are being killed for things that had nothing to do with them. Now that there are more and more cases involving gun violence, concerns are being known. How can people live safe when there are guns being use d for the worst almost every day?Americans have had the right to bear arms when the second amendment in the Bill of Rights was adopted in December 1791. So, would it be so hard to implement stricter gun laws or just not have guns at all? The U.S owns more guns than any of the other countries even if it accounts for only 5% of the worlds population, the U.S. residents own 50% of guns in the world. Some people come back that the more guns the more violence there would be. While others think that guns for self-defense, hunting and collecting them are a good reason to own a firearm.Why are shooting occurring INTROCan anything be done about it? INTRO //////Will gun laws help this situation or is America to accustomed to having guns or will we ever give them up/////Can we take measures like not allow people with mental health have guns in their home? Or people who have been convicted of barbaric crimesOr no-fly listsWhere have stricter gun laws been effective/ineffectiveHow have the o ther countries addressed the gun issues?Stricter gun lawsAfter a mass shooting, Australia passed the National Firearms Agreement in April 1996. A man with a semi-automatic killed 35 people and injured 18. After this law was passed Australia banned semi-automatic self-loading rifles and shotguns and had stricter incensing and registration requirements. Since the ban of 1969 rate of homicides pip and manslaughter have fallen.People who cant buy gunsFelons cant have guns. they can not live in the household with a gun. Someone who has been convicted of violent or gun-related misdemeanors. Abusers of alcohol or drugs. surd mental illness. Americans who have threatened to harm themselves or harm others go through a place setting check to prevent them from having a gun for at least 6 months.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Project Management - Essay Exampleive weeks in completing activity F. The synopsis of one action that the Project Manager would take to avoid exceeding the current length of the sarcastic path is to crash some other activities or reschedule the activities so that not more than 19 weeks argon acceptd to complete the project. This is because in decreasing time of critical activity it normally comes on with other direct costs. And the option of crashing the project will depend on the following factors the resources atomic number 18 in copiousness therefore, the addition to the resources, it can be done up to the level which communication costs are increase and the productivity diminishes. In this situation the project manager may decide to sub contract or even to out source the project work. Another thing which could be done is the introduction of the overtime and multitasking in some activities. Activity F is the Recruit and selection of staff therefore, if this is delayed for five days, and then it means the preceding activities will also be delayed, not as it was planed initially. The factors considered before choosing the localities Nature and typewrite of business is the greatest factor to be considered. Pertinently, the businesses that rely on consumers that do drive from the public street are the most targeted. The business will rely heavily on the transportation sector and other industries that use petroleum product as their energy for moving the machines. Hazma Biodiesel has to get their location in a suitable place. Availability of resources Hamza has an expectation of $103950, but the actual capital the participation has is $85000. This amount of money the company is able to secure since some of the equipment needed to start and run the project. Timing is also important they loss the company to start generating cash flows which will be used to grow the business. Hamza Biodiesel Company secured the premises, and this provided the best clin g to for their money. Required space this type of business requires very large amounts of space. For the case of Hamza BioDiesel, Mandy stated at the senesce meeting that retailing high quality groceries will be a very different punt from selling fuel - it will require large space for parking purposes. Facilities needed Hamza Biodiesel will require pumps and fire fighting equipment in this business to carry out their business effectively, for instance, if Hamza Biodiesel could need safety measures in place as they will trade on inflammable such like product. For that reason, very finical mechanical, plumbing, electrical and fire suppression requirements shall be in place for smooth running of the project. These are the factors that must be taken into consideration. Question 2 No, the total cost of the project is $103,950 whereas the company has earmarked ?85,000 for this project. There are various sources where Hamza BioDiesel can raise additional capital as follows a) External sources of finance is the capital (either wide or short term) borrowed from sources external to the firm. While it adopts a conservative working capital management policy, an

Watching the video and answer the following questions Essay

Watching the video and answer the undermenti wizardd questions - Essay ExampleWhat I liked virtually the video is the jokes, the humor, the show of intelligence, and the content itself. What is stated in the video is indeed very, very useful, if not practical, for anyone. It is all good, if you ask me. however, what I did not like about the video is the last part where Cleese tried to give some rather harsh, inhuman advice to employers about how to proscribe their employees from getting themselves into a creative state.This creative state is a result of a few steps and a number of requirements. The steps are quite simple, and this can be summarized as getting into the kick in vogue (the mode of humor and relaxation) and making a decision in it, switching to the closed mode (the realistic and stressful mode) to implement it, narrowing our focus when we have to implement it, and switching back to the cave in mode when we have to evaluate it and to buy time earlier we can decide whether to proceed or not. The requirements for one to be able to get himself into the open mode include space, specific time or making time to be in the open mode, enough time to play with the problem before making a decision, acting with confidence, and punctuating the act with humor. These are actually abstract concepts but at least(prenominal) Cleese has made them half-concrete for the layman to understand.I believe I can follow these instructions to the letter, which means that I will follow them without modifying them to my own advantage. However, before anything else, I should always remember the concepts that Cleese underlined in his speech. One of these is the head that an open state is when a person is relaxed, less purposeful, contemplative, humorous, playful and curious, and that it is being in this state that one can be creative. Therefore, any environment that is the opposite of these aforementioned qualities must reflect the closed mode, and that

Burberry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Burberry - Case Study useHowever, in 2005, General Universal Stores divested their stake in 2005. The current CEO of the group is Angela Ahredts, who replaced Rose Marie Bravo. (Burberry official Website, 2010)From its inception, the brand has experienced massive growth and now owns thousand of outlets and franchises throughout England. The caller-up specializes in menwear, womenwear, childrenwear and non-apparel garments. let on of these, the largest share of its revenue comes from womenwear. Burberry is also a household name in the international market. This feat was achieved with the upstart trend of globalization and this is where the company pays most attention.The company has no distinctive mission statement. However, reading on from their annual reports it can be seen that the company wants to maximize its revenues in order to increase the business profitability. This is what the wide-cut team and the management of Burberry plc works for and for many years now.In order to achieve their mission of maximize revenue the company is trying to streamline their operations by moving towards focused collection. Although, this is a generic term but it implies that the company is moving toward more than balanced collection in terms of design, stylus and quality. The company is doing this through constant innovation strategies. They have increased the frequency of new designs coming to retail outlets. The brand also aims to achieve its objective by increasing productivity, streamlining store operations, by adopting a indemnity of quick expansion and by making use of the latest technology to make their operations more and more efficient. (Burberry Annual Reports of 2008, 2009)From our discussion about Burberry plc Group, we can see that it has been doing brilliantly since its inception. However, in the recent years, the debauched is facing some challenges in the form of recession and fierce competition in the industry due(p) to entry of a lot of new firm i n this market to cater the needs of the consumer. In the next part of this report, we are going to look at some of the strategies that Burberry has adopted to counter these challenges.Burberry has been greatly affected by the ongoing recessionary phase in which we find global economy in. sparing recession has affected Burberry indirectly in an adverse way. As a result of economic recession, peoples buy power has been deteriorating and now they have to think twice when buying a luxury item deal Burberry. As a result of this, Burberrys profits are fast falling and irked the top management of the company for sometimes now. One example of how Burberry is been affected by continuing recession can be seen in the Burberry Groups income statement for the year which shows a profit of 99.8m as compared to 170.9m that were earned a year before. This was decline of approximately 41%. This shows how badly the firm is affected by the current recessionary wave that the world is experiencing.an other(prenominal) thing that worries Burberrys management is the structure of supply-chain of the company. The company finds that in hardly a(prenominal) of the firms product categories, it relies on small calculate of supplier. As a result, these suppliers command more authority over Burberry and this over reliance on few suppliers can cause a lot of trouble to Burberry. However, the only way the situation can be improved is by restructuring the supply-chain management of the company, which the company is trying to undertake with some success. Similarly, most of the firms

World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

human race contend I - Essay ExampleThe first allies included the united Kingdom, France and Russia the central powers included Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. During World War I, more than 70 billion military officers took part in the war with about 60 million being of atomic number 63an origin. By the end of the conflict, nearly 9 million military officers had been killed. There were unlike causes of the war, which included both short term and long term. The imperialistic polices imposed by great powers such(prenominal) as German, Russian empire, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires ca utilise conflicts between different powers plunging them into wars. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914 was also a likely cause of the World War I. After these triggers, different attachments that had been organized before were revived. Austro-Hungarian started the conflict by invasive Serbia. This invasion triggered Germany into invading Belgium. Russia and France invaded Germany to counter its advancement into Belgium. The war spread across Europe and colonies of the different powers and the cosmos war was on. Causes of World War I At the beginning of the nineteenth century, different powers across Europe started organizing themselves into alliances. These alliances resulted in the formation of complex military and political networks that included European powers. The Holly Alliance was the first alliance to be effected and it included Persia, Russia, and Austria. In 1879, the Dual Alliance that included the German empire and Austria-hungry was established to suppress the earlier alliance between Russia and Persia. The formation of these alliances posed a major threat the great(p) Britain, which entered into an alliance with France and Russia. Although the formation of the dual alliance was intended to counter the Russian advancement into western territories s, the United Kingdom considered it as a major threat to its existence. The dual alliance was for med with the intention of countering Russian influence over the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan. Each of these alliances was established under treaties that were meant protect the interests of countries in a particular league. The treaties were also aimed at preventing the entry of allied powers. The major treaties signed immediately before World War I included the Reinsurance treaty between the Germans and the Russians, the Franc-Russian alliance and Anglo-Russian alliance (Cross 121). Each of these treaties had the purpose of securing the interests of the concerned parties against the influence or invasion by allied powers. It is also evident that to the highest degree of these treaties targeted Russia. Treaties were formed every to counter Russian advancement or to incorporate Russia in to a particular alliance. Russia was considered as a major power in Europe and, therefore most countries needed to protect their interest against Russia through with(predicate) formation of allia nces. The World War I took place after European industrial and economic revolutions. These advancements may have triggered rivalry among different European powers. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, industrial advancement started to slenderize on the production of military equipment. Technology was applied to produce of warships and machine guns that have never been in any battlefield. Germany and Britain were the leading European countries in the production of military equipment. Industrial advancement in Germany and Britain make the two countries to enter into an arm race which later spread to the rest of Europe. By the end of 1910, most European countries had increased their military spending by over 50% of their GDP (Halpern 192). This allocation was used to produce military equipment, military training, and paying allowances to

Review of Coca-Cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review of Coca-Cola political party - Essay ExampleThis paper looks at these aspects and how they have helped the c tout ensembleer in its overall growth strategy. evolution and Performance over the last decade. According to most of its financial reports, the fellowship has continued to post estimable growth percentages in an increasing scale. In January 2000 the company underwent a major organizational realignment aimed at reduction the workforce around the world. This move was aimed at reducing or transferring responsibilities from various headquarters to smaller and plain more revenue-generating operating units. This move was also expected to streamline corporate resources. As a result, roughly 6000 thousand employees worldwide would be eliminated where 3,300 of these were in the United States. This process was to take place in the schedule year of 2000. In 2001 financial report, the company reported. that the net profit had been transformed from loss of 122 million in 199 9 to record a profit of 1.6 million in 2001. This turnaround was attributed to management actions that were seen to bring about useful volume growth and improving of economic conditions in emerging markets. One conspicuous development of the company is the introduction of 450 products in 2007 alone. These products gave the company an enlarge its portfolio hence giving the consumers a wide range to fill from .The Coca-ColaZero brand is one of the additional that is making a great difference for the company. Key Factors Enhancing reading Innovation is one of the most important aspects that have seen the company improve in its growth exponentially. The company has greatly utilized the social media to its advantage especially for marketing purposes. This has been specialisedally demonstrated through offensive market presence through advertising. In 2010 the company was actively involved in the sponsorship of the world cup. This proverb the company collaborate with renowned artiste s such as the Somalian hip hop artiste KNAAN who record an uplifting African-inspire track. This track was greatly used in commercials ran during the matches and was largely viewed online. The company further collaborated with You Tube in what is was seen as one of the greatest collaborations of the social media in a partnership that saw the Long Celebration, a campaign in which fans could view videos submitted by users from over 100 countries. Organizations continue to take advantage of globalization to influence the way they undertake their business. This has greatly favoured the Coca Cola company which has been able to expand into all various regions through various partnership programs. In 2004 Coca-Cola had a 25% world wide boldness volume in Latin America, 29% in North America, 22% in Europe, Eurasia and Middle East,6% in Africa and 18% in Asia. The companys has been strengthened by the strategy to operate in local anesthetic environments by catering for its requirements as t hey occur in individual countries. This company does this by working with merchandisers from the specific countries. For instance, the company sources bottlers in specific nations to work with. Report on Opportunities for Market Entry In new-fangled times, Coca-Cola has seen great potential in the Indian market. This has been aggravated by an analysis which indicated that on average the Indian people consume only 12 eight-ounce bottles of Coke

Management - Integrative Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management - Integrative - Term Paper Examplethither are usually two types of organisational turn Initiated or planned multifariousness and unplanned or reactive change. The first whiz refers to a spot where there is a deliberate adoption of unfermented processes and methods of operations. In regard to managerial view of planned change, it originates from the soulfulness who has experience in the particular day-to-day operations and, therefore, is the proposer of the change and implementer as well (Hughes, 2006). Unplanned or reactive change is one which occurs spontaneously and which does undergo a conscious and rational process for its implementation. It is also critical to understand that change in spite of appearance an organization can be both internally and externally generated. As much(prenominal), the approach towards organizational change management seems to be varied and the complexity within such approaches varies depending on the nature of the situation and the h uman relations therein (Hayes, 2010). The subsequent discussion shall focus on organized change and change management processes within the organization. Discussion Building the guiding team The enormousness of the organizational role in achieving its own objectives cannot be stressed enough. The organizations role is heavily dependent on the faculty to attain cohesion within the efforts of individuals, teams and management within the organization. The two authors collectively name and address themselves to this concern, highlighting its ever-growing importance within the global trade. Kotter and Cohen (2002) place emphasis on the peoples quality and the ability to nominate cohesive efforts within the change-led team. It identifies and elaborates the role of human impact in change management as irreplaceable. Firstly, the proposals for such alterations in the mode of organizational operations are intimated by the person(s) in charge of the operational function, i.e., the person who actively and directly engages in that level of activity is the identifier of more efficient ways of performing the role, thereof proposes the changes for evaluation. Secondly, the proposed change(s) needs be assessed in light of the impact on people. Change is likely to elicit opposite from members in the organization. This is one of the prime challenges for managers in the introduction and managing change in the firm (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2007). Getting the great deal right However, the authors take two different approaches in examining this concept. According to Ivancevich et al. (2011), the global approach focuses on individual behavior within the organizational setting in response to setting right organizational goals. Kotter and Cohen (2002) address the global trade question by focusing on how change can be established within the organization to better increase their capacity to handle the emergent global business milieu through an eight-step process. The problem wi th the former strategy lies in its simplification of goal setting within the organization. In practice, however, organizations are faced with a multiplicity of goals some of which may be in direct combat with each other (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2011). Similarly, the dominant challenge in the latters approach is its assumption that utile change management is a process that can be effected at will within the organization (by management) towards the desired direction and objectives. Additionally,